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Background: Atypical antipsychotics are the drug of choice to manage schizophrenia in general clinical practice. Antipsychotics cause various side effects, including metabolic syndrome, extrapyramidal symptoms, hyperlipidemia, weight gain, and hypotension in patients treated for schizophrenia. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the side effects due to antipsychotic drugs and their effect on the outcome in schizophrenia cases. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 cases with the diagnosis of schizophrenia were recruited. Cases were divided into five groups based on administered drugs (Asenapine, Iloperidone, Olanzapine, Aripiprazole, and Ziprasidone). Treatment procedure and side effect profile were documented. Drug side effects were assessed by a standard antipsychotic side-effects evaluation questionnaire. Cases were followed up for the status of side effects at the end of 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month, 9th month, and 12th month. Results: The rates of weight gain were 20%, 30%, 50%, 25%, and 15% and menstrual complications were seen at 2.5%, 7.5%, 7.5%, 7.5%, and 1% in all five groups, respectively. Lactation disturbance was observed in 5%, 5%, 12.5%, and 5% iloperidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole, and ziprasidone, respectively. The extrapyramidal symptoms were higher in the iloperidone group compared to the asenapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole, and ziprasidone drug groups. Conclusion: Atypical antipsychotic drug consumption leads to considerable weight gain and few metabolic abnormalities. Clinicians should estimate the adverse events associated with atypical antipsychotics and compare the benefits of antipsychotics versus the quality of life of cases.
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Stem cells are an auspicious contrivance for different therapeutic intermediation. Their inimitable properties include self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulation. These properties have enticed the attention and consideration of researchers and worldwide physicians to use these properties in treatment of different diseases. Stem cells can be classified as embryonic stem cells, fetal stem cells and adult stem cells, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or mesenchymal stromal cells are myofibroblast-like cells, can be derived from different sources like bone marrow, adipose tissue, dental pulp, amniotic fluid, Wharton’s jelly, umbilical cord blood, and cord tissue. Literature reports that Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other metabolic syndromes have an effect on cellular and transcriptomic processes of stem cells derived from different sources. The effect can be in the form of alteration in proliferation, differentiation and many other properties of MSCs. Current investigation shows metabolic disorders are not only responsible for genetic problems and certain disease risk factors in adult life but also have adverse effects on perinatal environment. Keeping all these factors in mind the purpose of this review would be beneficial to all those who would like to explore how the stem cells are affected from perinatal environment problems, like gestational diabetes, Type 2 diabetes preeclampsia and many more. The most important factor is that this can provide insight on utilization of stem cells after conditioning and later can be used in regenerative medicine.
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Objective To investigate the effect of Teach-back mission pattern in the education of elderly patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods A total of 110 elderly patients with metabolic syndrome who were admitted to the hospital from October 2015 to September 2017 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into observation group and control group with 55 cases each by random digits table method.The control group was given traditional health education,and the observation group was given Teach-back missionary model.After 6 months of follow-up,the health literacy levels of the two groups before and after intervention were measured using the Scale on Health Literacy for Patients with Chronic Disease.The systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),body mass index (BMI),waist circumference (WC),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),triglyceride (TG),and total cholesterol (TC) levels were compared before and after the intervention of the two groups of patients.Results The cases of loss of contact and withdrawal were removed.In the follow-up period of 6 months,52 patients and 49 patients in the observation group and the control group completed the study.The scores of the observation group's information acquisition ability,exchange interaction ability,improvement of health willingness,and economic support willingness were (27.18 ±4.15),(29.63 ± 4.56),(14.63 ± 2.07),(7.85 ± 1.23) points,respectively.All were significantly higher than the control group (23.96 ± 3.83),(26.34 ± 3.87),(13.04 ± 1.56),(6.91 ± 0.93) points,and the difference was statistically significant (t =3.898-4.339,all P＜ 0.05).During follow-up of 6 months,the awareness rate of disease knowledge and the compliance rate of health behaviors in the observation group were 92.31％(48/52) and 69.39％(34/49),respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the control group,86.54％ (45/52) and 63.27％ (31/49).The difference was statistically significant (x2=8.677,7.336,P＜ 0.01).During follow-up of 6 months,SBP,DBP,BMI,and WC in the observation group were (135.73 ±8.53) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),(85.69 ± 8.74) mmHg,(23.76 ± 1.91) kg/m2,(87.13 ± 6.45) cm,respectively,those in the control group were (141.79±7.24) mmHg,(89.45±8.37) mmHg,(24.98 ± 2.03) kg/m2,and (90.13 ± 6.74) cm,respectively,,and the difference was statistically significant (t =2.206-3.831,P＜ 0.05).The FPG,HbA1c,TG,and TC in the observation group were (6.57 ± 0.91) mmol/L,(5.85 ±1.03)％,(1.71 ± 0.68) mmol/L,and (4.67 ± 0.68) mmol/L,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the control group.The control group values were (7.24 ± 1.03) mmol/L,(6.46 ± 1.14)％,(1.98 ±0.63) mmol/L,(4.98 ± 0.72) mmol/L.The difference was statistically significant (t =2.167-3.469,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The Teach-back mission pattern can significantly improve the level of health literacy in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome,improve their physical and metabolic indicators,and has important implications for preventing and treating various chronic diseases and improving life quality.
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Objective To observe the effect of enteral nutrition therapy on metabolic status and adiponectin levels in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods 92 elderly hospitalized patients with mild to moderate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease underwent enteral nutrition (EN,n=46) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN,n=46) for 2 months.Body mass index,triceps skin-fold thickness,waist hip ratio,serum high-molecular weight (HMW) form of adiponectin,fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2-hour blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,plasma insulin,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,γ-glutamyltransferase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,the blood pressure and liver ultrasound test were detected.The insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to assess insulin resistance.Results In pre-versus post-treatment,serum level of HMW adiponectin [(6.8 ± 4.0) μg/L vs.(7.1 ± 3.9) μg/L,P ＞ 0.05 in enteral nutrition],and [(6.8 ± 3.5) μg/L vs.(5.0 ± 1.1)μg/L(P＜0.05)] in parenteral nutrition were found.The significantly decreased body mass index in the obese patients (P＜0.05),significantly improved values of 2-hour blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,liver function,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all P＜0.05),and no obvious change in HOMA-IR were found after two months of enteral nutrition treatment.There were no significant changes in indicators mentioned above in TPN group after 2 months of treatment.Conclusions Enteral nutrition therapy can improve the glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and body mass index,affect the level of adiponectin in the elderly patients with MS and NAFLD.It is vital to body metabolism.
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The prevalence of maternal obesity has risen dramatically in recent years. Maternal obesity increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and can lead to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, the change of cell factor homeostasis. The metabolic status of maternal obesity in the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy can alter the level of DNA methylation in the placenta, change the fetal programming, influence the pregnancy outcomes, and increase the risk of obesity related metabolic syndrome and other chronic diseases of offspring. Actively preventing and intervening in the maternal obesity can reduce the adverse pregnancy outcomes and increase the survival quality of the offspring.
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Arteriosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular pathology that features a leading cause of coronary artery disease contributing to significant mortality and reduced quality of life. The recent identification of the possible role of infections in the initiation of a serious of inflammatory events represents an interesting development towards the better understanding of immune mediated vascular injury and premature atherosclerosis in patients with chronic HCV infection. A number of factors related to chronic HCV infection have been hypothesized to contribute to arteriosclerosis. The current review displays some of the aspects of interaction between the chronic viral infection, the immune system and cytokine networks and its relation to the increased risk of coronary artery disease.